Who Coined the Term Emotional Labor?
The concept of emotional labor, a term that has become integral to discussions on work, gender, and social dynamics, was first coined by sociologist Arlie Hochschild in her groundbreaking 1983 book “The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling.” Hochschild’s work delves into the unseen aspects of labor, specifically focusing on the emotional demands placed on individuals in various work environments. This article explores the origins of the term, its implications, and its ongoing relevance in contemporary society.
Hochschild’s research originated from her observations of flight attendants in the United States. She noticed that these employees were required to display a cheerful demeanor and positive attitude towards passengers, regardless of their personal feelings. This phenomenon, which Hochschild termed “emotional labor,” involves the process of managing feelings and expressions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job. In other words, it is the effort put into controlling one’s emotions to meet the demands of the workplace.
The concept of emotional labor has since been expanded to encompass a wide range of professions and social contexts. Hochschild’s work has shown that emotional labor is not exclusive to the service industry; it is a pervasive aspect of many jobs, particularly those that involve direct interaction with customers or clients. This includes teachers, healthcare professionals, salespeople, and even managers and executives.
The implications of emotional labor are profound. On one hand, it highlights the importance of emotional intelligence in the workplace. Employees who are adept at managing their emotions can better navigate the social and psychological challenges of their jobs. On the other hand, emotional labor can lead to negative consequences, such as burnout, stress, and mental health issues. Hochschild’s research has sparked a broader conversation about the value of emotional labor and the need for recognition and support for those who perform it.
Moreover, the concept of emotional labor has implications for gender dynamics in the workplace. Hochschild’s work has shown that emotional labor is often gendered, with women disproportionately shouldering the emotional demands of their jobs. This gender imbalance can contribute to the gender wage gap and exacerbate gender inequalities in the workplace.
In conclusion, Arlie Hochschild’s coinage of the term “emotional labor” has had a significant impact on our understanding of work and social dynamics. Her work has prompted discussions about the importance of emotional intelligence, the need for support for those who perform emotional labor, and the gendered nature of this form of work. As we continue to navigate the complexities of the modern workplace, the concept of emotional labor remains a vital tool for analyzing and addressing the emotional demands placed on individuals in their professional lives.
