What does apostolic succession mean? Apostolic succession is a term used in the Christian church to describe the uninterrupted line of bishops from the apostles of Jesus Christ to the present day. This concept is rooted in the belief that the apostles were chosen by Jesus to continue His work on earth, and that their successors, the bishops, have the authority to teach, sanctify, and govern the church. Understanding apostolic succession is crucial for grasping the historical and theological foundations of the Christian church.
Apostolic succession is based on the idea that the apostles were personally appointed by Jesus to lead and guide the early church. This appointment was not just a matter of organizational structure but also a spiritual authority that was passed down through the laying on of hands during ordination. As a result, the bishops who succeeded the apostles were seen as having a direct link to the apostles themselves, thereby ensuring the continuity of divine authority in the church.
The term “apostolic” comes from the Greek word “apostolos,” which means “sent one.” This signifies that the apostles were sent by Jesus to spread His teachings and establish the church. The apostles, in turn, appointed bishops to oversee the churches they founded or oversaw. This chain of succession continued throughout the centuries, with each bishop ordaining his successor, thus preserving the apostolic authority.
One of the key aspects of apostolic succession is the belief that it guarantees the authenticity of the church’s teachings. Since the apostles were directly commissioned by Jesus, their successors are considered to be the true interpreters of His word. This belief is especially important in the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican churches, where apostolic succession is seen as a safeguard against doctrinal error.
Moreover, apostolic succession is closely tied to the sacramental life of the church. In these denominations, the sacraments, such as baptism and the Eucharist, are considered to be valid only if administered by bishops who have apostolic succession. This belief is rooted in the idea that the apostles were the original recipients of the sacramental grace and that their successors have the authority to transmit this grace to others.
However, not all Christian denominations adhere to the concept of apostolic succession. Many Protestant denominations, for example, believe that the authority of the church is derived from the Bible rather than from an apostolic line of succession. They argue that the church’s leadership should be based on the teachings of the New Testament and the guidance of the Holy Spirit, rather than on an historical lineage.
In conclusion, apostolic succession is a vital concept in the Christian church, representing the uninterrupted line of bishops from the apostles to the present day. It ensures the continuity of divine authority, the authenticity of church teachings, and the validity of the sacraments. While this concept is central to some denominations, others have different views on the nature of church authority and the importance of apostolic succession. Understanding apostolic succession is essential for appreciating the rich history and theological traditions of the Christian church.
