How to Do Schirmer Tear Test: A Comprehensive Guide
The Schirmer tear test is a simple yet effective diagnostic tool used to assess the quality and quantity of tears produced by the eyes. This test is commonly performed by eye care professionals to detect dry eye syndrome and other tear-related disorders. If you are curious about how to do a Schirmer tear test, this article will provide you with a comprehensive guide on the process, its importance, and what to expect during the test.
Understanding the Schirmer Tear Test
The Schirmer tear test involves placing a small piece of filter paper strip, typically 5mm wide and 10mm long, into the lower eyelid. The strip is folded at one end to prevent it from being absorbed by the tears. The test is designed to measure the volume of tears produced over a specific period, usually 5 minutes.
How to Perform the Schirmer Tear Test
To perform the Schirmer tear test, follow these steps:
1. Wash your hands thoroughly to ensure cleanliness.
2. Ask the patient to sit comfortably in a well-lit room.
3. Gently pull down the lower eyelid to expose the conjunctiva, the clear, thin membrane covering the white part of the eye.
4. Place the folded end of the Schirmer tear test strip into the conjunctival sac, between the eyelid and the eye, ensuring it is positioned as close to the tear duct as possible.
5. Gently release the eyelid, allowing the tear film to spread across the eye.
6. After 5 minutes, remove the strip carefully from the eye, taking care not to touch it with your fingers or any other object.
7. Measure the length of the wet portion of the strip using a ruler. The result is measured in millimeters and indicates the volume of tears produced.
Interpreting the Results
The Schirmer tear test results are typically categorized as follows:
– Normal: 15mm or more of wetting on the filter paper strip.
– Mild dry eye: 5mm to 14mm of wetting on the filter paper strip.
– Moderate dry eye: 1mm to 4mm of wetting on the filter paper strip.
– Severe dry eye: Less than 1mm of wetting on the filter paper strip.
It is important to note that the Schirmer tear test is just one of many diagnostic tools used to assess tear function. Other tests, such as the fluorescein dye test and the osmolarity test, may also be performed to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the patient’s tear film.
Conclusion
The Schirmer tear test is a valuable tool for diagnosing dry eye syndrome and other tear-related disorders. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can learn how to perform the test and interpret the results. If you suspect you have dry eyes or any other eye-related issues, it is important to consult with an eye care professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
